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The Seaway Crude Pipeline System (SCPS), commonly known as the Seaway Pipeline, is an oil pipeline system which transports crude oil between Cushing, Oklahoma and Freeport, Texas, and though the Texas City, Texas Terminal and Distribution System on the Gulf Coast of the United States. The Seaway is an important crude oil transfer link between two petroleum regions within the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4890# )〕 Although Seaway shipped oil north (to Cushing) for many years, in June 2012 the flow of the system was reversed to ship oil south (out of Cushing), instead. The operator has plans to increase the flow significantly. ==History== The Seaway Pipeline was originally built by a consortium of oil industry firms (Phillips Petroleum Company, among others) formed in 1974 named Seaway Pipeline, Inc. for transferring (then) cheap foreign oil from Texas ports to refineries in the midwest. After two years of construction, the system became operational on 23 November 1976, and pumped crude oil north until 1982, when it became inactive at times as the economics of crude transfer changed. In 1984 the other consortium members were bought out by Phillips. Seeking to capitalize on the line's location to gather raw natural gas in Oklahoma and Texas for transport to the company's refinery complex at Sweeny, Texas (and other refineries near Houston) Phillips converted the system to ship natural gas south instead of shipping crude oil north (Phillips called that arrangement the "Seagas Pipeline").〔 In 1995 Atlantic Richfield bought a 50% interest from Conoco though a subsidiary (ARCO Pipeline), and the system was converted from shipping natural gas south to shipping oil north to Cushing in 1996. In 2000, Texas Eastern Products Pipeline Company (TEPP or TEPPCO), an indirect subsidiary of Duke Energy through TEPPCO Partners, bought the stock of ARCO Pipeline, acquiring their 50% interest in the system, and became primary operator. In 2005, Texas Eastern Products Pipeline, was acquired by Enterprise Products Partners L.P. in 2005, and Enterprise Products became the system operator with a 50% stake.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ftc.gov/opa/2006/08/teppco.shtm )〕 In late 2011, Canadian pipeline company Enbridge bought Conoco's remaining 50% interest in the company for $1.15 billion. The Seaway Crude Pipeline Company LLC (joint venture between Enterprise Products and Enbridge) became the pipeline's operator.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2011/11/16/enbridge-conocophillips-pipeline.html )〕 In late May 2012, the Seaway's flow was reversed, and crude began arriving at Freeport on 6 June 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/19/us-oil-seaway-startup-idUSBRE84I0EC20120519 )〕 On January 11, 2013 The Seaway's capacity was increased to . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Seaway Pipeline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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